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Concept
គោលគំនិត
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Definition
និយមន័យ
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Adaptability
វាយរង់ចាំឪកាស
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Altering or modifying combat operations, in order to find,
force, and/or exploit opportunities in consonance with localized conditions,
at all levels on the battlefield. Source: Adapted from Dickerson, Brian
(2003), “Adaptability – A New Principle of War,” U.S. Army
War College: Carlisle, PA.
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Detail Assessment and Planning (Chinese:
始計，始计)
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Explores
the five fundamental factors (the Way, seasons, terrain, leadership and
management) and seven elements that determine the outcomes of military engagements.
By thinking, assessing and comparing these points, a commander can calculate
his chances of victory. Habitual deviation from these calculations will
ensure failure via improper action. The text stresses that war is a very
grave matter for the state and must not be commenced without due
consideration.
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Waging War
(Chinese: 作戰，作战)
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Explains how to understand the economy of warfare and
how success requires winning decisive engagements quickly. This section advises
that successful military campaigns require limiting the cost of competition
and conflict.
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Strategic
Attack (Chinese: 謀攻，谋攻)
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Defines the source of strength as unity, not size, and discusses
the five factors that are needed to succeed in any war. In order of
importance, these critical factors are: Attack, Strategy, Alliances, Army and
Cities
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Disposition
of the Army (Chinese: 軍形，军形)
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Explains the importance of defending existing
positions until a commander is capable of advancing from those positions in
safety. It teaches commanders the importance of recognizing strategic
opportunities, and teaches not to create opportunities for the enemy.
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Forces
(Chinese: 兵勢，兵势)
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Explains the use of creativity and timing in building an
army's momentum.
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Weaknesses
and Strengths (Chinese: 虛實，虚实)
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Explains how an army's opportunities come from the
openings in the environment caused by the relative weakness of the enemy and
how to respond to changes in the fluid battlefield over a given area.
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Military
Maneuvers (Chinese: 軍爭，军争)
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Explains the dangers of direct conflict and how to win
those confrontations when they are forced upon the commander.
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Variations
and Adaptability (Chinese: 九變，九变)
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Focuses on the need for flexibility in an army's
responses. It explains how to respond to shifting circumstances successfully.
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Movement and
Development of Troops (Chinese: 行軍，行军)
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Describes the different situations in which an army
finds itself as it moves through new enemy
territories, and how to respond to these situations. Much of this section
focuses on evaluating the intentions of others.
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Terrain
(Chinese: 地形)
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Looks at the three general areas of resistance
(distance, dangers and barriers) and the six types of ground positions that
arise from them. Each of these six field positions offers certain advantages
and disadvantages.
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The Nine
Battlegrounds (Chinese: 九地)
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Describes the nine common situations (or stages) in a
campaign, from scattering to deadly, and the
specific focus that a commander will need in order to successfully navigate
them.
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Attacking
with Fire (Chinese: 火攻)
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Explains the general use of weapons and the specific use
of the environment as a weapon. This section examines the five targets for
attack, the five types of environmental attack and the appropriate responses
to such attacks.
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Intelligence
and Espionage (Chinese: 用間，用间)
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Focuses on the importance of developing good information
sources, and specifies the five types of intelligence sources and how to best
manage each of them.
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Agility
ប្រើទ័ពកម្មង់ដូ
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The ability of friendly forces to react faster than the
enemy and is a prerequisite for seizing and holding the initiative. Source:
FM 100-5, 1993
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Annihilate
វាយបកគំហក់
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The destruction of the enemy’s forces, whether by
death, injury, or any other means—either completely or enough to make
him stop fighting. Source: Adapted from Clausewitz, Carl von, 1984, On War,
Edited and translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret,
Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, (227)
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Assassination
ចូលធ្វើឃាដ
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[Peacetime]: Murder of a targeted individual for
political purposes. [Wartime]: A decision by the President to employ
clandestine, low visibility or overt military force would not constitute
assassination if U.S. military forces were employed against the combatant
forces of another nation, a guerrilla force, or a terrorist or other
organization whose actions pose a threat to the security of the United
States. Source: DAJA (27-1A) 02 November 1989, Memorandum of Law, Department
of the Army, Office of the Judge Advocate
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Attrition
វាយកាត់ផ្លូវជាកង់ៗ
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A gradual and piecemeal process of destroying an enemy’s
capability. Source: Malkasian, Carter
(2002) A History of Modern Wars of Attrition, Greenwood Publishing Group,
Westport, CT, (1)
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Audacity
ប្រើទ័ពពិសេស
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Bold departure from the conventional form; daring
originality. Source: OED Online, December 2012, Oxford University Press.
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Awesome;
Awesomeness
វាយបញ្ឆោត
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Showing or characterized by reverence, admiration, or
fear; exhibiting or marked by awe. Source: Random House Dictionary, Random
House, Inc. 2013.
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Balance
មានអ្វីប្រើហ្នឹង
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Adjust your end to your means. Source: B.H.
Liddell-Hart, 1991, 335
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Bold; Boldness
ស្ម័គ្រស្លាប់
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Courage, daring, fearlessness. Source: OED Online,
December 2012, Oxford University Press.
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Cohesion
កំលាំងសរុប
មធ្យោបាយសរុប
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The bonding together of members of a unit or
organization insuch a way as to sustain their will and commitment to
eachother,
their unit, and the mission. Source: Defense ManagementStudy
Group on Military Cohesion, Cohesion in the USMilitary.
(Washington, DC: National Defense University Press,1984),
ix.
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Control
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The function or power of directing and regulating;
domination,command,
sway. Source: OED Online, December 2012,OxfordUniversity
Press.
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Cunning
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Skill employed in a secret or underhand manner, or forpurposes
of deceit; skilful deceit, craft, artifice. Source: OEDOnline,
December 2012, Oxford University Press
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Decentralization
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Delegation of execution authority to subordinate
commanders. Source: JP 3-30
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Deception, Military
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Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary
military, paramilitary, or violent extremist organization (VEO) decision
makers, thereby causing the adversary to take specific actions (or inactions)
that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission. (MILDEC)
Source: JP 3-13.4, Military Deception, 26 January 2012.
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Decisive;
Decisiveness
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Characterized
by decision; unhesitating, resolute, determined. Source: OED Online, December
2012, Oxford University Press.
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Demoralize;
Demoralization
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To
lower or destroy the power of bearing up against dangers, fatigue, or difficulties.
Source: OED Online, December 2012, Oxford University Press.
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Deprive; Deprivation
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To
divest, strip, bereave, dispossess of a possession. Source: OED Online,
December 2012, Oxford University Press.
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Depth
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Depth
is the extension of operations in time, space, and resources. Source: FM 3-0,
2008
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Deter
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To
discourage and turn aside or restrain by fear; to frighten from anything; to restrain or keep back
from acting or proceeding by any consideration of danger or trouble. Source:
OED Online, December 2012, Oxford University Press.
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Dislocation, Physical
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The
result of a move which (a) upsets the enemy's dispositions and, by compelling
a sudden 'change of front', dislocates the distribution and organization of
his forces; (b) separates his forces; (c) endangers his supplies; (d) menaces
the route or routes by which he could retreat in case of need and re
establish himself in his base or homeland. Source: B.H. Liddell Hart, 1991,
326
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Dislocation,
Psychological
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The
impression on the commander’s mind of being trapped, resulting from the
effects of physical dislocation. Source: B.H. Liddell-Hart, 1991, 326
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Disperse; Dispersion
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To
cause to separate in different directions. Source: OED Online, December 2012,
Oxford University Press.
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Economy of Force
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Expend
minimum essential combat power on secondary efforts in order to allocate the
maximum possible combat power on primary efforts. Source: JP 3-0, 2011
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Energy
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Vigor
or intensity of action. Source: OED Online, December 2012, Oxford University
Press.
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Exhaust; Exhaustion
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To
drain of strength or resources. Source: OED Online, December 2012, Oxford
University Press.
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Exterminate;
Extermination
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To
destroy utterly, put an end to, to root out, extirpate. Source: OED Online,
December 2012, Oxford University Press.
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Firepower
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The
total effectiveness of the fire of guns, missiles, etc., of a military force.
Source: OED Online, December 2012, Oxford University Press.
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Flexibility
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Ensure
that both plan and dispositions are flexible--adaptable to circumstances.
Source: B.H. Liddell-Hart, 1991, 336
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Freedom
of Action
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The
freedom to do what we will (Source : Rogers
Albritton,1985 presidential address to APA Western Division, "Freedom of
Will and Freedom of Action"); to be free of external constraints.
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Initiative
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The
willingness to act in the absence of orders, when existing orders no longer
fit the situation, or when unforeseen opportunities or threats arise. Source:
FM 3-0, 2008, (3-3)
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Intelligence
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The
product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, evaluation, analysis,
and interpretation of available information concerning foreign nations,
hostile or potentially hostile forces or elements, or areas of actual or
potential operations. The term is also applied to the activity which results
in the product and to the organizations engaged in such activity. Source: JP
1-02, 2012
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Intimidate;
Intimidation
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To
render timid, inspire with fear; to overawe, cow; in modern use esp. to force
to or deter from some action by threats or violence. Source: OED Online,
December 2012, Oxford University Press.
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Isolate
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Deny
an enemy or adversary access to capabilities that enable the exercise of
coercion, influence, potential advantage, and freedom of action. Source: FM
3-0, 2008
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Legitimacy
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Maintain
legal and moral authority in the conduct of operations. Source: JP 3-0, 2011
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Lure
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To
allure, entice, tempt; To set a trap for (another). Source: OED Online,
December 2012, Oxford University Press.
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Maneuver
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Place
the enemy in a disadvantageous position through the flexible application of
combat power. Source: JP 3-0, 2011
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Mass
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Concentrate
the effects of combat power at the decisive place and time. Source: JP 3-0,
2011
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Mobility
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The
ability of a military force or its equipment to move or be moved rapidly from
one position to another. Source: OED Online, December 2012, Oxford University
Press.
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Morale
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A
positive state of mind derived from inspired political and military
leadership, a shared sense of purpose and values, well being, perceptions of
worth and group cohesion. Joint Doctrine Publication 0-01, British Defence Doctrine, (3rd Edition), August 2008, p. 2-3.
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Net
Assessment
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The
comparative analysis of military, technological, political, economic, and
other factors governing the relative military capability of nations. Source: DoDD 5111.11, December 23,2009
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Objective
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Direct
every military operation toward a clearly defined, decisive, and attainable objective.
Source: JP 3-0, 2011
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Offensive
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Seize,
retain, and exploit the initiative. Source: JP 3-0, 2011
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Paralysis
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The
state of being powerless; a condition of helplessness or inactivity; inability
to act or function properly; an instance of this. Source: OED Online,
December 2012, Oxford University Press.
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Perseverance
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Ensure
the commitment necessary to attain the national strategic end state. Source:
JP 3-0, 2011
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Persuasion
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The
addressing of arguments or appeals in order to induce cooperation,
submission, or agreement. Source: OED Online, December 2012, Oxford
University Press.
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Political
Mobilization
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The
use of persuasion, coercion and other subversive techniques to indoctrinate
and arouse the people to support a political program.
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Popular
Support
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Support
of the populace.
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Position;
Positional
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A
site chosen for occupation by an army or detachment of troops, usually as
having strategic value. Source: OED Online, December 2012, Oxford University
Press
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Protracted;
Protractedness
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Lengthened,
extended, prolonged in time. Source: OED Online, December 2012, Oxford
University Press.
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Resolve
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Firmness
or steadfastness of purpose; determination. Source: OED Online, December
2012, Oxford University Press
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Restraint
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Limit
collateral damage and prevent the unnecessary use of force. Source: JP 3-0,
2011
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Security
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Prevent
the enemy from acquiring unexpected advantage. Source: JP 3-0, 2011
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Shock
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(a)
A sudden and violent blow, impact, or collision, tending to overthrow or to
produce internal oscillation in a body subjected to it; (b) A sudden and
disturbing impression on the mind or feelings. Source: OED Online, December
2012, Oxford University Press
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Simplicity
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Increase
the probability that plans and operations will be executed as indented by
preparing clear, uncomplicated plans and concise orders
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Speed
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Quickness,
promptness or dispatch in performance of some action or operation. Source: OED
Online, December 2012, Oxford University Press
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Subvert; Subversion
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Actions
designed to undermine the military, economic, psychological, or political
strength or morale of a governing authority. Source: JP 1-02
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Superiority; Moral,
Physical, Local
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The
condition of being stronger than or prevailing over someone or something;
supremacy over a person, nation, etc. Source: OED Online, December 2012,
Oxford University Press
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Surprise
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Strike
at a time or place or in a manner for which the enemy is unprepared. Source:
JP 3-0, 2011
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Sustainment
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The
provision of logistics and personnel services required to maintain and
prolong operations until successful mission accomplishment. Source: JP 3-0,
2011
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Synchronization
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Arranging
activities in time and space to mass at the decisive point. Source: FM 100-5,
1993
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Tempo
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Tempo
is the relative speed and rhythm of military operations over time with
respect to the enemy. Source: FM 3-0, 2008
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Terror
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(a)
The use of organized repression or extreme intimidation; terrorism. (b) The
state of being terrified or extremely frightened; intense fear or dread.
Source: OED Online, December 2012, Oxford University Press
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Timing
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The
choice or judgment of when something should be done, especially so as to
maximize the chances of achieving one's aims. Source: OED Online, December
2012, Oxford University Press
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Uncertainty
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The
state of not being definitely known or perfectly clear; doubtfulness or
vagueness. Source: OED Online, December 2012, Oxford University Press
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Unity of Command
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The
operation of all forces under single responsible commander who has the
requisite authority to direct and employ those forces in pursuit a common
purpose.
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Unity of Effort
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Coordination
and coordination toward command objectives, event the participants are not
necessarily part of the same command or organization—The product of
successful unified actions.
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Versatility
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The
ability of units to meet diverse mission
requirements
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